Forest Pests A Major Threat To Ecosystems (NAPSA)—DEAR DR. MOORE: I keep seeing forests that have turned brown from some kind of infestation. Is this common? Unfortunately, yes. According to the US Forest Service, about 70 million acres are “at serious risk of being wiped out by 26 insects and diseases,” 4 some of which are native and someof which are introduced. You’ve seen the impacts. Those brown Dr. Moore forests represent a heartbreaking loss of biodiversity, not to mention cultural heritage. Thanks to Dutch elm disease, for example, the American elm hasall but disappeared from the urban landscape and white pine blister rust has pretty well obliterated the western white pine and Ameriean chestnut. It’s been described as “catastrophic wildfire in slow motion,” the way an infestation spreads across the landscape, killing an entire forest. And, as with fire, the best way to protect native forests is to prevent the pests from taking hold. Part of this includes actively managing our forests—by removing dead wood and undergrowth, and thinning the trees—to keep them healthy and able to resist attack. The U.S. Forest Service has a four-pronged strategy that begins with prevention, which makes sense, given that control efforts and economic damagesareestimated to cost the U.S. $137 billion Ag every year. But consider the challenge. Most exotic pests are introduced unintentionally, with many arriving on plants imported for landscaping. They tend to be small, similar in color to the plant and have the ability to hide in wood, roots or buds. Widespread container use and the fact that inspectors only examine about two percent of all arriving cargo, make detection even tougher. Because of these challenges, the U.S. is going to great lengths to improve monitoring so it can respond to infestations quickly. Unfortunately, it doesn’t always work. Take the hemlock woolly adelgid, which was first reported in British Columbia in 1924 and not seen again until 1950 when it was found in Virginia. No one suspected its potential for destruction, so nothing was done to contain it—and the woolly adelgid is now the single greatest threat to hemlock in the eastern U.S. It’s maddening to see forests lost to insects and disease, just like it’s maddening to see them lost to fire. The most sensible approach is to improve monitoring and early response and to manage our forests in a way that helps them resist infestation. Dr. Patrick Moore has been a leader of the environmental movement for more than 30 years. A cofounder of Greenpeace, he holds a PhD in ecology and a BSc in forest biology. Questions can be sent to Patrick@SensibleEnvironmental ist.com.
